英语句法分析

简单句一主谓 (SV)主语 不及物动词后面不加宾语例He runs. 他跑步。The sun rises. 太阳升起。二主谓宾 (SVO)主语 及物动词 宾语动作承受者例I love music. 我喜欢音乐。She studies English. 她学英语。三主系表 (SVP)主语 系动词 表语说明主语身份 / 状态 / 特征常用系动词be (am/is/are/was/were)、feel、look、sound、become、keep例You are clever. 你很聪明。It smells good. 闻起来很香。四主谓双宾 (SVIODO)主语 动词 间接宾语人 直接宾语物常用动词give, send, tell, buy, show例He gave me a book. 他给了我一本书。五主谓宾补 (SVOC)主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语补充说明宾语例We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间干净。并列句两个 / 多个简单句用并列连词连接。常用连词and, but, or, so, for 结构简单句 连词 简单句例I like coffee,butshe likes tea.从句名词性从句从句当主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 引导词that, what, if/whether主语从句That she passed the exam surprised us.她通过了考试让我们很意外。Whether we go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去露营要看天气。宾语从句I dont knowwhetherhe will come or not. 我不知道她会不会来。She said (that) she would come. 她说她会来。I dont understandwhatyou mean.what 作宾语 我不懂你的意思。表语从句常见系动词be /seem/become /look/remain保持 /feel 等The factis thathe has never been abroad. 事实是他从未出过国。My dream has becomethatI can travel around the world. 我的梦想变成了环游世界。He has becomewhathis parents expected. 他活成了父母所期望的样子。同位语从句I have no ideawhatyou are talking about. 我不知道你在说什么。I have no ideathat(口语中可以省略)he will leave soon. 我完全不知道他很快就要离开了。从句缺主语 / 宾语→ 用what99% 日常考题、口语从句主谓宾齐全是完整事实→ 用that少见定语从句从句当定语修饰名词“…… 的” 引导词who, which, that, whereThe girlwho is singingis my classmate.正在唱歌的那个女孩是我同学。who 作主语不可省。因为who is singing,who做主语This is the teacherwho you met yesterday. 这就是你昨天见到的那位老师。who 作宾语口语可省因为是 you met who,所以这里是作宾语whom指代人只作宾语常可省略口语多用 who 替代The manwhom we helpedis a doctor.我们帮助的人是一个医生whose表所属人 / 物都可用作定语不省略I know the boy whose father is a driver.我认识那个父亲是司机的男孩。指人This is the house whose windows are big.这就是那扇窗户很大的房子。指物which指代物作主语 / 宾语The bookwhich lies on the deskis mine. 桌上的那本书是我的。which 作主语不可省I like the moviewhich you recommended. 我喜欢你推荐的那部电影。which 作宾语可省关系副词在从句中作状语不充当主 / 宾1. where表地点This is the factorywhere my father works. 这就是我父亲工作的工厂。2. when表时间I still remember the daywhen we first met. 我依然记得我们初次见面的那天。3. why表原因只修饰先行词reasonTell me the reasonwhy you were late. 告诉我你迟到的原因。状语从句从句当状语表时间 / 原因 / 条件 / 让步等 引导词when, because, if, though