PHP伪静态与URL路由详解

PHP伪静态与URL路由详解URL重写让动态URL变成静态形式对SEO和用户体验有好处。今天说说PHP中URL路由和伪静态的实现。URL重写通过Web服务器配置实现。apacheRewriteEngine OnRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-fRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-dRewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [QSA,L]PHP端的路由解析。phpclass Router{private array $routes [];public function get(string $uri, callable $handler): void{$this-addRoute(GET, $uri, $handler);}public function post(string $uri, callable $handler): void{$this-addRoute(POST, $uri, $handler);}private function addRoute(string $method, string $uri, callable $handler): void{$uri preg_replace(/\{(\w)\}/, (?P$1[^/]), $uri);$this-routes[$method][] [pattern #^ . $uri . $#, handler $handler];}public function dispatch(string $method, string $uri): void{$uri parse_url($uri, PHP_URL_PATH);foreach ($this-routes[$method] ?? [] as $route) {if (preg_match($route[pattern], $uri, $matches)) {$params array_filter($matches, is_string, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);echo ($route[handler])($params);return;}}http_response_code(404);echo 404 Not Found;}}$router new Router();$router-get(/articles/{id}, fn($p) 文章 #{$p[id]});$router-get(/articles/{id}/edit, fn($p) 编辑文章 #{$p[id]});$router-get(/users/{id}/posts/{postId}, fn($p) 用户{$p[id]}的文章{$p[postId]});$router-dispatch(GET, /articles/42);echo \n;$router-dispatch(GET, /articles/42/edit);echo \n;$router-dispatch(GET, /users/1/posts/10);echo \n;?路由中的中间件支持。phpclass RouteWithMiddleware{private array $routes [];private array $globalMiddlewares [];public function addMiddleware(callable $middleware): void{$this-globalMiddlewares[] $middleware;}public function get(string $uri, callable $handler, array $middlewares []): void{$this-routes[GET][] compact(uri, handler, middlewares);}public function dispatch(string $method, string $uri): void{$uri parse_url($uri, PHP_URL_PATH);foreach ($this-routes[$method] ?? [] as $route) {$pattern preg_replace(/\{(\w)\}/, (\w), $route[uri]);$pattern #^ . $pattern . $#;if (preg_match($pattern, $uri, $matches)) {array_shift($matches);$allMiddlewares array_merge($this-globalMiddlewares, $route[middlewares]);$handler $route[handler];foreach (array_reverse($allMiddlewares) as $mw) {$next $handler;$handler fn($params) $mw($params, $next);}echo $handler($matches);return;}}http_response_code(404);}}?路由参数验证。phpclass RouteValidator{private array $patterns [id \d,slug [a-z0-9-],uuid [0-9a-f-],];public function pattern(string $name, string $pattern): void{$this-patterns[$name] $pattern;}}?URL路由框架的核心就是URL匹配和参数提取。理解了路由的原理不管是配置框架路由还是排查路由问题心里都有底了。伪静态URL让地址更美观对搜索引擎也更友好。